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α和β地贫不能直接比较哪个遗传给宝宝比较严重，因为地贫要区分轻度、中度、重度地贫。如果α地贫和β地贫都是属于轻度那么遗传给宝宝都不严重，轻度地贫即使遗传给宝宝身体也不会出现明显的症状。

但是中度和重度的α和β地贫无论哪一个遗传给宝宝都一样严重，宝宝会出现一系列严重的并发症，比如都会出现严重的溶血性贫血、肝脾肿大、黄疸、营养不良。宝宝遗传上中重度的α和β地贫随时都会有生命危险。所以不能直接的比较α和β地贫哪个遗传给宝宝严重。下面是α、β遗传给宝宝的症状：

α地贫β地贫遗传的区别
轻型症状中度症状重度症状α地贫基本无症状持续性的黄疸、肝脾增大库氏面容、肝脾明显肿大β地贫基本无症状颅骨长骨皮质层变薄、黄疸慢性进行性贫血、肝脾肿大

如果有一天，你可以选择生育一个小“爱因斯坦”，也可以生育一个智商普通的孩子，你会做出什么样的选择？据科学家预计，未来10年内，人类将可以使用试管婴儿技术选择“最聪明”的胚胎。

Genetics research, conceptual artwork. CHINA DAILY

Couples undergoing IVF treatment could be given the option to pick the “smartest” embryo within the next 10 years, a leading US scientist has predicted.

据美国一名权威科学家预计，未来10年之内，做试管婴儿的夫妇将能够选择“最聪明”的胚胎。

IVF：in vitro fertilization 体外受精联合胚胎移植技术，又称“试管婴儿”

Stephen Hsu, senior vice president for research at Michigan State University, said scientific advances mean it will soon be feasible to reliably rank embryos according to potential IQ, posing profound ethical questions for society about whether or not the technology should be adopted.

南昌代孕主要有哪些风险

美国密歇根州立大学主管科研的副校长徐道辉（斯蒂芬·徐）说，科学进步意味着人类不久就能够对胚胎的潜在智商给出可靠的评分，这项技术是否应该使用将是一个深刻的社会伦理问题。

Hsu’s company, Genomic Prediction, already offers a test aimed at screening out embryos with abnormally low IQ to couples being treated at fertility clinics in the US.

徐道辉的基因组预测公司已经为在美国不孕不育诊所接受治疗的夫妇提供了一项检测服务，旨在筛查出智商异常低的胚胎。

“Accurate IQ predictors will be possible, if not the next five years, the next 10 years certainly,” Hsu told the Guardian. “I predict certain countries will adopt them.”

徐道辉对《卫报》记者说：“准确的智商预测是可能的，即使不是未来5年内，那么在未来10年内也肯定可以。我预计一些国家会采纳这项技术。”

The prospect of a new generation of genetically selected babies has prompted concerns about unintended medical consequences and the potential for deepening existing social inequalities. The science underpinning the claim that intelligence can be meaningfully predicted by genetic tests is also contentious.

新一代基因选择婴儿的前景引发了人们对于意外医疗后果和现有社会不平等可能加剧的担忧。基因检测能够有效预测智商的科学技术也引发了争议。

contentious [kn'tens]：adj.有异议的，引起争论的

Peter Donnelly, a professor of statistical science at the University of Oxford, said any such IQ predictions should be treated with “huge caution”, adding: “I have grave misgivings about it on ethical grounds. I think it’s a really bad idea.”

牛津大学统计学教授彼得·唐纳利说，应该“十分谨慎”地对待此类智商预测。他说：“出于伦理原因，我对此非常担忧。我认为这是一个非常糟糕的想法。”

Since the 1990s, couples undergoing IVF have been able to screen their embryos for mutations in single genes that cause serious diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as conditions like Down’s syndrome, caused by chromosome abnormalities.

自上世纪90年代以来，接受试管受精的夫妇已经能够对他们的胚胎进行筛选，以发现单个基因的突变，这些突变会导致严重的疾病，比如囊性纤维化，以及染色体异常导致的唐氏综合征等。

chromosome ['krmsm]：n.染色体

Many other traits, including height, physical appearance, intelligence and disease susceptibility, are known to be partly heritable. But because the genetic component is spread thinly over hundreds or even thousands of DNA regions, it has previously been impossible to screen for these traits.

许多其他特征，包括身高、外貌、智力和疾病易感性，都被认为是部分遗传的。但由于遗传组分稀疏地分散在数百甚至数千个DNA区域，以前不可能对这些特征进行筛选。

In the past decade, as vast genetic databases have been established, this picture has changed. Through analyzing many genes, each making a tiny contribution, it has been possible to calculate what are called polygenic risk scores, which give a person’s likelihood of getting a particular disease or having a certain trait.

在过去的十年里，随着大量基因数据库的建立，这种情况已经发生了改变。通过分析大量基因，每个基因都做出了微小的贡献，就有可能计算出所谓的多基因风险评分，即一个人患某种特定疾病或具有某种特征的可能性。

polygenic[,pli'denik]：adj.多基因的

Genomic Prediction is the first company to take embryo screening into this grey area of risk forecasting, offering to alert couples if an embryo has an “outlier” score for risk of cancers, diabetes, heart disease, dwarfism or low IQ.

基因组预测公司是第一家将胚胎筛查纳入风险预测这一灰色地带的公司。如果胚胎在癌症、糖尿病、心脏病、侏儒症或智商低下等风险方面的评分“异常”，它就会提醒做筛查的夫妇。

outlier ['atla]：n.（统计）异常值

Medical staff put clothes on the newborn test-tube baby at a hospital in Xi'an, Northwest China's Shaanxi province. [Photo/Xinhua]

Prediction for IQ is not good enough to give a reliable ranking, but Hsu said that knowing an embryo has a low score could still be desirable.

智商预测目前还不足以给出可靠的评分，但徐道辉表示，如果一个胚胎的智商评分较低，人们可能还是很想知道。

“Maybe the bottom 1% embryo will grow up to be a great person … even be a scientist, but the odds are against it,” he said. “I honestly feel if we can calculate that score and find a real negative outlier there’s an ethical responsibility for us to report that.”

伊犁妇幼保健院是伊宁是唯一一家开展辅助生殖技术的医院，该院生殖科的试管成功率可以达到40%-50%左右。如果患者年龄在25-30岁这个年龄段且身体条件比较好的话，一般试管一次就可以成功，但患者年龄偏大或者是身体条件不好的情况下，一次成功的概率就很小，有些需要2次甚至3次。而伊犁妇幼保健院生殖科目前开展的试管技术有第一代、第二代试管婴儿技术，因为技术不同，其成功率也是不一样的。一般情况下，第一代试管成功率在40%左右，第二代试管成功率在45%-50%左右。

伊犁妇幼保健院生殖科在2007年开始筹备，2016年正式运行试管婴儿技术，发展到现在已可以为患者提供专业的技术服务，是该地区最受欢迎的试管婴儿医院。该院每年都会有很多不孕家庭前来治疗，这些来院治疗的患者因为年龄差异，其成功率和移植次数是不一样的。下面是伊犁妇幼保健院生殖科不同年龄段的患者做试管成功率及次数分析：

伊犁妇幼保健院生殖科试管成功率分析
年龄试管成功率移植次数25-30岁45%-50%1-2次30-35岁40%左右1-3次35-43岁35%左右1-4次43岁以上10%-20%1-5次

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